Native Plant List

Native Plant List 2002
Hilltop Community, Inc.

Native Plants Growing Conditions Comments
Trees *Vine maple
Acer circinatum
Sun or shade. Prefers moist shade. Does well in shade of conifers. Deciduous. Use singly or in masses. To 25 ft.
*Mountain hemlock
Tsuga mertensiana
Sun Evergreen. Slow growing. Stays small if not watered or fertilized. To 20-30 ft.
*Western red cedar
Variety: "Excelsior"
Thuja plicata,
var: "Excelsior"
Sun Evergreen. Slow growing. To 35 ft.
*Red elderberry
Sambucus racemosa
Dry to moist Sun or shade. Deciduous. 8-10 ft.
*Blue elderberry
Sambucus cerulean
Sun Deciduous. 10-30 ft.
*Douglas maple
Acer glabrum
Shade Deciduous. Shrub or small tree. To 35 ft.
*White Flowering dogwood
Cornus kousa
Shade Deciduous. 10-20 ft. Almost indistinguishable from Pacific dogwood, less susceptible to disease.
*Hazelnut
Cornus cornuta
Shade Deciduous. 3.5 to 14 ft.
*Western yew
Taxus brevifolia
Shade Evergreen. Spreading habit. 7-20 ft.
*Madrone
Arbutus menziesii
Sun Evergreen. Leathery leaves, Drooping white flowers, peeling bark, orange red berries popular with birds. Small to medium-sized to 105 ft. but usually much shorter.
*Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii ssp menziesii.
Sun Evergreen. To 240 ft.
*Western red cedar
Thuja plicate
Sun Evergreen. To 210 ft.
*Western hemlock
Tsuga heterophylla
Shade Evergreen. To 210 ft.
*Leyland cypress
Cuprusocyparis leylandi
Sun Evergreen. A natural hybrid from Alaska cedar. Rapid grown 55-60 ft. in 25 years. 15-20 ft. in five years. Can be trimmed to 10-15 ft. Resists worst winter damage. Columnar habit.
Pacific crabapple
Malus fusca
Sun Deciduous. Shrub to small tree. 7-35 ft.
Quaking aspen
Populus remuloides
Shade Deciduous. To 60 ft.
Red alder
Alnus rubra
Sun Deciduous. Usually 45-50 ft.
Western larch (tamarack)
Larix occidentalis
Sun Deciduous. 30-50 ft.
Bitter cherry
Prunus virginiana
Var. demissa
Prunus emarginata
Var. mollis
Sun or shade Deciduous. 7-40 ft.
Subalpine fir
Abies lasiocarpa
Sun Evergreen. To 122.5 ft.
Pacific silver fir
Abies amabiles
Sun, very tolerant of shade Evergreen. To 170 ft.
Noble fir
Abies procera
Sun Evergreen. To 270 ft.
Sitka spruce
Picea sitchensis
Sun Evergreen. To 245 ft.
Alaska yellow cedar
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis
Sun/shade Evergreen. Usually 75-140 ft.
Lodgepole pine Sun Evergreen. Very slow growing. To 75 ft.
Grand fir
Abies grandis
Shade Evergreen. To 280 ft.
Shrubs *Tall Oregon grape
Mahonia aguifolium
Sun Evergreen. To 7 ft.
*Oregon grape
Mahonia nervosa
Sun Evergreen. To 3 ft.
*Salal
Gaultheria shallon
Sun/Shade Evergreen.
*Evergreen huckleberry
Vaccinium ovatum
Dry to mist shade; partial to full sun Evergreen. To 3 ft. Delicious berries hold until late fall.
*Serviceberry
Amelanchier alnifolia
Sun Deciduous. To 20 ft.
*Red-osier dogwood
Comus stolonifera
Sun/shade Deciduous. Likes moist places. Prized for winter twig color, spread readily in moist soil. To 15 ft.
*Oceanspray
Holodiscus discolor
Sun/shade Deciduous. 10-15 ft.
*Indian plum
Osmaronia (Oemleria) cerasiformis
Sun/shade Deciduous. First blossom of spring. 3-15 ft.
*Red flowering currant
Ribes sanguineum
Sun/shade Deciduous. 3-5 ft. Draws hummingbirds.
*Red huckleberry
Vaccinium parvifolium
Shade Deciduous. Depends on mycorrhizal fungi, e.g. on logs and stumps. 4-10 ft.
*Sitka mountain ash
Sorbus sitchensis
Sun/shade Deciduous. 3.5 to 14 ft.
*Snowberry
Symphoricarpos albus
Dry to moist sun or partial shade Deciduous. Berries stay through winter. 2-6 ft.
Ceanothus Blue blossom
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
Sun Evergreen. 6-20 ft.
Ceanothus Mountain balm
Ceanothus velutinus
Sun Evergreen. 3-8 ft.
California wax myrtle
Myrica californica
Sun Evergreen. 7-21 ft.
California bay laurel
Umbellulana californica
Sun/Shade Evergreen. 20-25 ft.
Rhododendron (native)
Rhododendron macrophyllum
Shade Evergreen. To 28 ft.
Sitka Alder
Alnus crispa ssp. sinuate
Sun Evergreen. 3.5 to 17.5 ft.
Black huckleberry
Vaccinium membranaceum
Sun Evergreen. To 5 ft.
Buck brush
Ceanothus integerrimus, also sanguineus
Sun Deciduous. 3-20 ft.
Mock-orange
Philadelphus lewisii
Sun/shade Deciduous. Summer flowers very fragrant. Highly adaptable plant 5-10 ft.
Twinberry
Lonicera involucrate
Sun/shade, dry to moderate moisture Deciduous. To 10ft.
Western azalea
Rhododendron occidentale
Sun/shade Deciduous. 6-10 ft. Hard to find, worth the search.
Nootka rose
Rosa nutkena
Sun/shade Deciduous. To 10 ft.
Hardhack
Spirea douglas ssp.douglasii (formerly menziesii)
Sun Deciduous. To 10 ft.
High bush cranberry
Viburnum edule
Shade Deciduous. 4-8 ft.
Salmon berry
Rubus spectabilis
Shade. Moist to wet places. Decidious. Yellow or red berries To 14 ft.
Thimbleberry
Rubus parviflorus
Sun/shade Deciduous. To 10 ft. raspberry like clusters of red berries.
Copperbush
Cladothamnus pyroliflorus
Sun/shade. Moist forests. Deciduous. To 7 ft.
Black Gooseberry Also Black Swamp Gooseberry
Ribes lacustre
Sun/shade. Moist forests. Deciduous. To 7 ft.
Arctic Willow Dwarf
Salix arctica
Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. 2 ft.
Barclay's Willow
Salix barclayi
Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. 1-7ft. Yellowish green twigs, sawtooth leaves.
Hooker's Willow
Salix hookeriana
Sun/shade. Moist to wet forest Deciduous. To 21 ft.
Pacific Willow
Salix lucida ssp. Lasiandra
Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. Branches brown, twigs glossy, yellow duck-billed buds. To 42 ft.
Scouler's Willow
Salix scouleriana
Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. Branches brown to yellowish brown. 7-42 ft.
Sitka Willow
Salix sitchensis
Sun/shade. Moist forest Deciduous. Common along rivers and streams. 1-28 ft.
Ferns *Sword Fern
Polystichum munitum
Sun or dry shade Evergreen. 2-4 ft.
Deer Fern
Blechnum spicant
Dry shade or moist sun. Evergreen. Distinctive upright fertile fronds. 8-30"
Oak fern
Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Dry to moist shade or partial shade Spreads to form attractive carpet. 16"
Maidenhair fern
Adiantum pedatum
Moist shade Delicate, lacy fronds. 12-30"
Herbaceous Bleeding heart
Dicentra Formosa
Shade to partial shade Spreads to form delicate-looking carpet. 6-20"
Orange Honeysuckle
Heuchera micrantha
Sun to partial shade Hummingbird favorite. Vine.
Western Trillium
Trillium ovatum
Partial shade, shade Takes 7 years from seed to flower! 6-18"
Wild ginger
Asarum caudatum
Moist shade Low growing.
Skunk Cabbage or Swamp Lantern
Lysichiton americanum
Swamps, fens, wet forest Perennial 30-150 cm tall
Vines Trailing Blackberry Dewberry
Rubus ursinus
Sun/shade. Moist forest. Delicate black blackberries about 1 cm long. Not to be confused with Himalayan blackberry introduced from Asia.


References:

Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest
Arthur R. Kruckeberg

Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast - Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska
Pojar & MacKinnon

Selected List of Northwest Plants Suitable for Gardens
Washington Native Plant Society
1-888-288-8022
www.wnps.org

Submitted by:

E. Anderson, M. Crosetto, H. Smith   July 2002

* Indicates a preference

This list functions as plant list and draft inventory since almost all now are on Hilltop communal lands.